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//! The _directories_ crate is
//!
//! - a tiny library with a minimal API (3 structs, 4 factory functions, getters)
//! - that provides the platform-specific, user-accessible locations
//! - for finding and storing configuration, cache and other data
//! - on Linux, Redox, Windows (≥ Vista) and macOS.
//!
//! The library provides the location of these directories by leveraging the mechanisms defined by
//!
//! - the [XDG base directory](https://standards.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/basedir-spec-latest.html) and the [XDG user directory](https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/xdg-user-dirs/) specifications on Linux,
//! - the [Known Folder](https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/bb776911(v=vs.85).aspx) system on Windows, and
//! - the [Standard Directories](https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/FileManagement/Conceptual/FileSystemProgrammingGuide/FileSystemOverview/FileSystemOverview.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40010672-CH2-SW6) on macOS.
//!
#![deny(missing_docs)]
use std::path::Path;
use std::path::PathBuf;
#[cfg(target_os = "windows")]
mod win;
#[cfg(target_os = "windows")]
use win as sys;
#[cfg(any(target_os = "macos", target_os = "ios"))]
mod mac;
#[cfg(any(target_os = "macos", target_os = "ios"))]
use mac as sys;
#[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
mod wasm;
#[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
use wasm as sys;
#[cfg(not(any(
target_os = "windows",
target_os = "macos", target_os = "ios",
target_arch = "wasm32"
)))]
mod lin;
#[cfg(not(any(
target_os = "windows",
target_os = "macos", target_os = "ios",
target_arch = "wasm32"
)))]
use lin as sys;
/// `BaseDirs` provides paths of user-invisible standard directories, following the conventions of the operating system the library is running on.
///
/// To compute the location of cache, config or data directories for individual projects or applications, use `ProjectDirs` instead.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// All examples on this page are computed with a user named _Alice_.
///
/// ```
/// use directories::BaseDirs;
/// if let Some(base_dirs) = BaseDirs::new() {
/// base_dirs.config_dir();
/// // Linux: /home/alice/.config
/// // Windows: C:\Users\Alice\AppData\Roaming
/// // macOS: /Users/Alice/Library/Application Support
/// }
/// ```
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct BaseDirs {
// home directory
home_dir: PathBuf,
// base directories
cache_dir: PathBuf,
config_dir: PathBuf,
data_dir: PathBuf,
data_local_dir: PathBuf,
executable_dir: Option<PathBuf>,
preference_dir: PathBuf,
runtime_dir: Option<PathBuf>,
state_dir: Option<PathBuf>
}
/// `UserDirs` provides paths of user-facing standard directories, following the conventions of the operating system the library is running on.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// All examples on this page are computed with a user named _Alice_.
///
/// ```
/// use directories::UserDirs;
/// if let Some(user_dirs) = UserDirs::new() {
/// user_dirs.audio_dir();
/// // Linux: /home/alice/Music
/// // Windows: C:\Users\Alice\Music
/// // macOS: /Users/Alice/Music
/// }
/// ```
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct UserDirs {
// home directory
home_dir: PathBuf,
// user directories
audio_dir: Option<PathBuf>,
desktop_dir: Option<PathBuf>,
document_dir: Option<PathBuf>,
download_dir: Option<PathBuf>,
font_dir: Option<PathBuf>,
picture_dir: Option<PathBuf>,
public_dir: Option<PathBuf>,
template_dir: Option<PathBuf>,
// trash_dir: PathBuf,
video_dir: Option<PathBuf>
}
/// `ProjectDirs` computes the location of cache, config or data directories for a specific application,
/// which are derived from the standard directories and the name of the project/organization.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// All examples on this page are computed with a user named _Alice_,
/// and a `ProjectDirs` struct created with `ProjectDirs::from("com", "Foo Corp", "Bar App")`.
///
/// ```
/// use directories::ProjectDirs;
/// if let Some(proj_dirs) = ProjectDirs::from("com", "Foo Corp", "Bar App") {
/// proj_dirs.config_dir();
/// // Linux: /home/alice/.config/barapp
/// // Windows: C:\Users\Alice\AppData\Roaming\Foo Corp\Bar App
/// // macOS: /Users/Alice/Library/Application Support/com.Foo-Corp.Bar-App
/// }
/// ```
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub struct ProjectDirs {
project_path: PathBuf,
// base directories
cache_dir: PathBuf,
config_dir: PathBuf,
data_dir: PathBuf,
data_local_dir: PathBuf,
preference_dir: PathBuf,
runtime_dir: Option<PathBuf>,
state_dir: Option<PathBuf>
}
impl BaseDirs {
/// Creates a `BaseDirs` struct which holds the paths to user-invisible directories for cache, config, etc. data on the system.
///
/// The returned value depends on the operating system and is either
/// - `Some`, containing a snapshot of the state of the system's paths at the time `new()` was invoked, or
/// - `None`, if no valid home directory path could be retrieved from the operating system.
///
/// To determine whether a system provides a valid `$HOME` path, the following rules are applied:
///
/// ### Linux and macOS:
///
/// - Use `$HOME` if it is set and not empty.
/// - If `$HOME` is not set or empty, then the function `getpwuid_r` is used to determine
/// the home directory of the current user.
/// - If `getpwuid_r` lacks an entry for the current user id or the home directory field is empty,
/// then the function returns `None`.
///
/// ### Windows:
///
/// - Retrieve the user profile folder using `SHGetKnownFolderPath`.
/// - If this fails, then the function returns `None`.
///
/// _Note:_ This logic differs from [`std::env::home_dir`],
/// which works incorrectly on Linux, macOS and Windows.
///
/// [`std::env::home_dir`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/env/fn.home_dir.html
pub fn new() -> Option<BaseDirs> {
sys::base_dirs()
}
/// Returns the path to the user's home directory.
///
/// |Platform | Value | Example |
/// | ------- | -------------------- | -------------- |
/// | Linux | `$HOME` | /home/alice |
/// | macOS | `$HOME` | /Users/Alice |
/// | Windows | `{FOLDERID_Profile}` | C:\Users\Alice |
pub fn home_dir(&self) -> &Path {
self.home_dir.as_path()
}
/// Returns the path to the user's cache directory.
///
/// |Platform | Value | Example |
/// | ------- | ----------------------------------- | ---------------------------- |
/// | Linux | `$XDG_CACHE_HOME` or `$HOME`/.cache | /home/alice/.cache |
/// | macOS | `$HOME`/Library/Caches | /Users/Alice/Library/Caches |
/// | Windows | `{FOLDERID_LocalAppData}` | C:\Users\Alice\AppData\Local |
pub fn cache_dir(&self) -> &Path {
self.cache_dir.as_path()
}
/// Returns the path to the user's config directory.
///
/// |Platform | Value | Example |
/// | ------- | ------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------- |
/// | Linux | `$XDG_CONFIG_HOME` or `$HOME`/.config | /home/alice/.config |
/// | macOS | `$HOME`/Library/Application Support | /Users/Alice/Library/Application Support |
/// | Windows | `{FOLDERID_RoamingAppData}` | C:\Users\Alice\AppData\Roaming |
pub fn config_dir(&self) -> &Path {
self.config_dir.as_path()
}
/// Returns the path to the user's data directory.
///
/// |Platform | Value | Example |
/// | ------- | ---------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------- |
/// | Linux | `$XDG_DATA_HOME` or `$HOME`/.local/share | /home/alice/.local/share |
/// | macOS | `$HOME`/Library/Application Support | /Users/Alice/Library/Application Support |
/// | Windows | `{FOLDERID_RoamingAppData}` | C:\Users\Alice\AppData\Roaming |
pub fn data_dir(&self) -> &Path {
self.data_dir.as_path()
}
/// Returns the path to the user's local data directory.
///
/// |Platform | Value | Example |
/// | ------- | ---------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------- |
/// | Linux | `$XDG_DATA_HOME` or `$HOME`/.local/share | /home/alice/.local/share |
/// | macOS | `$HOME`/Library/Application Support | /Users/Alice/Library/Application Support |
/// | Windows | `{FOLDERID_LocalAppData}` | C:\Users\Alice\AppData\Local |
pub fn data_local_dir(&self) -> &Path {
self.data_local_dir.as_path()
}
/// Returns the path to the user's executable directory.
///
/// |Platform | Value | Example |
/// | ------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------- |
/// | Linux | `$XDG_BIN_HOME` or `$XDG_DATA_HOME`/../bin or `$HOME`/.local/bin | /home/alice/.local/bin |
/// | macOS | – | – |
/// | Windows | – | – |
pub fn executable_dir(&self) -> Option<&Path> {
self.executable_dir.as_ref().map(|p| p.as_path())
}
/// Returns the path to the user's preference directory.
///
/// |Platform | Value | Example |
/// | ------- | ------------------------------------- | -------------------------------- |
/// | Linux | `$XDG_CONFIG_HOME` or `$HOME`/.config | /home/alice/.config |
/// | macOS | `$HOME`/Library/Preferences | /Users/Alice/Library/Preferences |
/// | Windows | `{FOLDERID_RoamingAppData}` | C:\Users\Alice\AppData\Roaming |
pub fn preference_dir(&self) -> &Path {
self.preference_dir.as_path()
}
/// Returns the path to the user's runtime directory.
///
/// |Platform | Value | Example |
/// | ------- | ------------------ | --------------- |
/// | Linux | `$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR` | /run/user/1001/ |
/// | macOS | – | – |
/// | Windows | – | – |
pub fn runtime_dir(&self) -> Option<&Path> {
self.runtime_dir.as_ref().map(|p| p.as_path())
}
/// Returns the path to the user's state directory.
///
/// The state directory contains data that should be retained between sessions (unlike the runtime
/// directory), but may not be important/portable enough to be synchronized across machines (unlike
/// the config/preferences/data directories).
///
/// The returned value depends on the operating system and is either a `Some`, containing a value from the following table, or a `None`.
///
/// |Platform | Value | Example |
/// | ------- | ----------------------------------------- | ------------------------ |
/// | Linux | `$XDG_STATE_HOME` or `$HOME`/.local/state | /home/alice/.local/state |
/// | macOS | – | – |
/// | Windows | – | – |
pub fn state_dir(&self) -> Option<&Path> {
self.state_dir.as_ref().map(|p| p.as_path())
}
}
impl UserDirs {
/// Creates a `UserDirs` struct which holds the paths to user-facing directories for audio, font, video, etc. data on the system.
///
/// The returned value depends on the operating system and is either
/// - `Some`, containing a snapshot of the state of the system's paths at the time `new()` was invoked, or
/// - `None`, if no valid home directory path could be retrieved from the operating system.
///
/// To determine whether a system provides a valid `$HOME` path, please refer to [`BaseDirs::new`]
pub fn new() -> Option<UserDirs> {
sys::user_dirs()
}
/// Returns the path to the user's home directory.
///
/// |Platform | Value | Example |
/// | ------- | -------------------- | -------------- |
/// | Linux | `$HOME` | /home/alice |
/// | macOS | `$HOME` | /Users/Alice |
/// | Windows | `{FOLDERID_Profile}` | C:\Users\Alice |
pub fn home_dir(&self) -> &Path {
self.home_dir.as_path()
}
/// Returns the path to the user's audio directory.
///
/// |Platform | Value | Example |
/// | ------- | ------------------ | -------------------- |
/// | Linux | `XDG_MUSIC_DIR` | /home/alice/Music |
/// | macOS | `$HOME`/Music | /Users/Alice/Music |
/// | Windows | `{FOLDERID_Music}` | C:\Users\Alice\Music |
pub fn audio_dir(&self) -> Option<&Path> {
self.audio_dir.as_ref().map(|p| p.as_path())
}
/// Returns the path to the user's desktop directory.
///
/// |Platform | Value | Example |
/// | ------- | -------------------- | ---------------------- |
/// | Linux | `XDG_DESKTOP_DIR` | /home/alice/Desktop |
/// | macOS | `$HOME`/Desktop | /Users/Alice/Desktop |
/// | Windows | `{FOLDERID_Desktop}` | C:\Users\Alice\Desktop |
pub fn desktop_dir(&self) -> Option<&Path> {
self.desktop_dir.as_ref().map(|p| p.as_path())
}
/// Returns the path to the user's document directory.
///
/// |Platform | Value | Example |
/// | ------- | ---------------------- | ------------------------ |
/// | Linux | `XDG_DOCUMENTS_DIR` | /home/alice/Documents |
/// | macOS | `$HOME`/Documents | /Users/Alice/Documents |
/// | Windows | `{FOLDERID_Documents}` | C:\Users\Alice\Documents |
pub fn document_dir(&self) -> Option<&Path> {
self.document_dir.as_ref().map(|p| p.as_path())
}
/// Returns the path to the user's download directory.
///
/// |Platform | Value | Example |
/// | ------- | ---------------------- | ------------------------ |
/// | Linux | `XDG_DOWNLOAD_DIR` | /home/alice/Downloads |
/// | macOS | `$HOME`/Downloads | /Users/Alice/Downloads |
/// | Windows | `{FOLDERID_Downloads}` | C:\Users\Alice\Downloads |
pub fn download_dir(&self) -> Option<&Path> {
self.download_dir.as_ref().map(|p| p.as_path())
}
/// Returns the path to the user's font directory.
///
/// |Platform | Value | Example |
/// | ------- | ---------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------ |
/// | Linux | `$XDG_DATA_HOME`/fonts or `$HOME`/.local/share/fonts | /home/alice/.local/share/fonts |
/// | macOS | `$HOME`/Library/Fonts | /Users/Alice/Library/Fonts |
/// | Windows | – | – |
pub fn font_dir(&self) -> Option<&Path> {
self.font_dir.as_ref().map(|p| p.as_path())
}
/// Returns the path to the user's picture directory.
///
/// |Platform | Value | Example |
/// | ------- | --------------------- | ----------------------- |
/// | Linux | `XDG_PICTURES_DIR` | /home/alice/Pictures |
/// | macOS | `$HOME`/Pictures | /Users/Alice/Pictures |
/// | Windows | `{FOLDERID_Pictures}` | C:\Users\Alice\Pictures |
pub fn picture_dir(&self) -> Option<&Path> {
self.picture_dir.as_ref().map(|p| p.as_path())
}
/// Returns the path to the user's public directory.
///
/// |Platform | Value | Example |
/// | ------- | --------------------- | ------------------- |
/// | Linux | `XDG_PUBLICSHARE_DIR` | /home/alice/Public |
/// | macOS | `$HOME`/Public | /Users/Alice/Public |
/// | Windows | `{FOLDERID_Public}` | C:\Users\Public |
pub fn public_dir(&self) -> Option<&Path> {
self.public_dir.as_ref().map(|p| p.as_path())
}
/// Returns the path to the user's template directory.
///
/// |Platform | Value | Example |
/// | ------- | ---------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------- |
/// | Linux | `XDG_TEMPLATES_DIR` | /home/alice/Templates |
/// | macOS | – | – |
/// | Windows | `{FOLDERID_Templates}` | C:\Users\Alice\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Templates |
pub fn template_dir(&self) -> Option<&Path> {
self.template_dir.as_ref().map(|p| p.as_path())
}
/// Returns the path to the user's video directory.
///
/// |Platform | Value | Example |
/// | ------- | ------------------- | --------------------- |
/// | Linux | `XDG_VIDEOS_DIR` | /home/alice/Videos |
/// | macOS | `$HOME`/Movies | /Users/Alice/Movies |
/// | Windows | `{FOLDERID_Videos}` | C:\Users\Alice\Videos |
pub fn video_dir(&self) -> Option<&Path> {
self.video_dir.as_ref().map(|p| p.as_path())
}
}
impl ProjectDirs {
/// Creates a `ProjectDirs` struct directly from a `PathBuf` value.
/// The argument is used verbatim and is not adapted to operating system standards.
///
/// The use of `ProjectDirs::from_path` is strongly discouraged, as its results will
/// not follow operating system standards on at least two of three platforms.
///
/// Use [`ProjectDirs::from`] instead.
pub fn from_path(project_path: PathBuf) -> Option<ProjectDirs> {
sys::project_dirs_from_path(project_path)
}
/// Creates a `ProjectDirs` struct from values describing the project.
///
/// The returned value depends on the operating system and is either
/// - `Some`, containing project directory paths based on the state of the system's paths at the time `new()` was invoked, or
/// - `None`, if no valid home directory path could be retrieved from the operating system.
///
/// To determine whether a system provides a valid `$HOME` path, please refer to [`BaseDirs::new`]
///
/// The use of `ProjectDirs::from` (instead of `ProjectDirs::from_path`) is strongly encouraged,
/// as its results will follow operating system standards on Linux, macOS and Windows.
///
/// # Parameters
///
/// - `qualifier` – The reverse domain name notation of the application, excluding the organization or application name itself.<br/>
/// An empty string can be passed if no qualifier should be used (only affects macOS).<br/>
/// Example values: `"com.example"`, `"org"`, `"uk.co"`, `"io"`, `""`
/// - `organization` – The name of the organization that develops this application, or for which the application is developed.<br/>
/// An empty string can be passed if no organization should be used (only affects macOS and Windows).<br/>
/// Example values: `"Foo Corp"`, `"Alice and Bob Inc"`, `""`
/// - `application` – The name of the application itself.<br/>
/// Example values: `"Bar App"`, `"ExampleProgram"`, `"Unicorn-Programme"`
///
/// [`BaseDirs::home_dir`]: struct.BaseDirs.html#method.home_dir
pub fn from(qualifier: &str, organization: &str, application: &str) -> Option<ProjectDirs> {
sys::project_dirs_from(qualifier, organization, application)
}
/// Returns the project path fragment used to compute the project's cache/config/data directories.
/// The value is derived from the `ProjectDirs::from` call and is platform-dependent.
pub fn project_path(&self) -> &Path {
self.project_path.as_path()
}
/// Returns the path to the project's cache directory.
///
/// |Platform | Value | Example |
/// | ------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------- |
/// | Linux | `$XDG_CACHE_HOME`/`_project_path_` or `$HOME`/.cache/`_project_path_` | /home/alice/.cache/barapp |
/// | macOS | `$HOME`/Library/Caches/`_project_path_` | /Users/Alice/Library/Caches/com.Foo-Corp.Bar-App |
/// | Windows | `{FOLDERID_LocalAppData}`\\`_project_path_`\\cache | C:\Users\Alice\AppData\Local\Foo Corp\Bar App\cache |
pub fn cache_dir(&self) -> &Path {
self.cache_dir.as_path()
}
/// Returns the path to the project's config directory.
///
/// |Platform | Value | Example |
/// | ------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------- |
/// | Linux | `$XDG_CONFIG_HOME`/`_project_path_` or `$HOME`/.config/`_project_path_` | /home/alice/.config/barapp |
/// | macOS | `$HOME`/Library/Application Support/`_project_path_` | /Users/Alice/Library/Application Support/com.Foo-Corp.Bar-App |
/// | Windows | `{FOLDERID_RoamingAppData}`\\`_project_path_`\\config | C:\Users\Alice\AppData\Roaming\Foo Corp\Bar App\config |
pub fn config_dir(&self) -> &Path {
self.config_dir.as_path()
}
/// Returns the path to the project's data directory.
///
/// |Platform | Value | Example |
/// | ------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------- |
/// | Linux | `$XDG_DATA_HOME`/`_project_path_` or `$HOME`/.local/share/`_project_path_` | /home/alice/.local/share/barapp |
/// | macOS | `$HOME`/Library/Application Support/`_project_path_` | /Users/Alice/Library/Application Support/com.Foo-Corp.Bar-App |
/// | Windows | `{FOLDERID_RoamingAppData}`\\`_project_path_`\\data | C:\Users\Alice\AppData\Roaming\Foo Corp\Bar App\data |
pub fn data_dir(&self) -> &Path {
self.data_dir.as_path()
}
/// Returns the path to the project's local data directory.
///
/// |Platform | Value | Example |
/// | ------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------- |
/// | Linux | `$XDG_DATA_HOME`/`_project_path_` or `$HOME`/.local/share/`_project_path_` | /home/alice/.local/share/barapp |
/// | macOS | `$HOME`/Library/Application Support/`_project_path_` | /Users/Alice/Library/Application Support/com.Foo-Corp.Bar-App |
/// | Windows | `{FOLDERID_LocalAppData}`\\`_project_path_`\\data | C:\Users\Alice\AppData\Local\Foo Corp\Bar App\data |
pub fn data_local_dir(&self) -> &Path {
self.data_local_dir.as_path()
}
/// Returns the path to the project's preference directory.
///
/// |Platform | Value | Example |
/// | ------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------ |
/// | Linux | `$XDG_CONFIG_HOME`/`_project_path_` or `$HOME`/.config/`_project_path_` | /home/alice/.config/barapp |
/// | macOS | `$HOME`/Library/Preferences/`_project_path_` | /Users/Alice/Library/Preferences/com.Foo-Corp.Bar-App |
/// | Windows | `{FOLDERID_RoamingAppData}`\\`_project_path_`\\config | C:\Users\Alice\AppData\Roaming\Foo Corp\Bar App\config |
pub fn preference_dir(&self) -> &Path {
self.preference_dir.as_path()
}
/// Returns the path to the project's runtime directory.
///
/// The runtime directory contains transient, non-essential data (like sockets or named pipes) that
/// is expected to be cleared when the user's session ends.
///
/// |Platform | Value | Example |
/// | ------- | ----------------------------------- | --------------------- |
/// | Linux | `$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR`/`_project_path_` | /run/user/1001/barapp |
/// | macOS | – | – |
/// | Windows | – | – |
pub fn runtime_dir(&self) -> Option<&Path> {
self.runtime_dir.as_ref().map(|p| p.as_path())
}
/// Returns the path to the project's state directory.
///
/// The state directory contains data that should be retained between sessions (unlike the runtime
/// directory), but may not be important/portable enough to be synchronized across machines (unlike
/// the config/preferences/data directories).
///
/// The returned value depends on the operating system and is either a `Some`, containing a value from the following table, or a `None`.
///
/// |Platform | Value | Example |
/// | ------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------- |
/// | Linux | `$XDG_STATE_HOME`/`_project_path_` or `$HOME`/.local/state/`_project_path_` | /home/alice/.local/state/barapp |
/// | macOS | – | – |
/// | Windows | – | – |
pub fn state_dir(&self) -> Option<&Path> {
self.state_dir.as_ref().map(|p| p.as_path())
}
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
#[test]
fn test_base_dirs() {
println!("BaseDirs::new())\n{:?}", ::BaseDirs::new());
}
#[test]
fn test_user_dirs() {
println!("UserDirs::new())\n{:?}", ::UserDirs::new());
}
#[test]
fn test_project_dirs() {
let proj_dirs = ::ProjectDirs::from("qux", "FooCorp", "BarApp");
println!("ProjectDirs::from(\"qux\", \"FooCorp\", \"BarApp\")\n{:?}", proj_dirs);
let proj_dirs = ::ProjectDirs::from("qux.zoo", "Foo Corp", "Bar-App");
println!("ProjectDirs::from(\"qux.zoo\", \"Foo Corp\", \"Bar-App\")\n{:?}", proj_dirs);
let proj_dirs = ::ProjectDirs::from("com", "Foo Corp.", "Bar App");
println!("ProjectDirs::from(\"com\", \"Foo Corp.\", \"Bar App\")\n{:?}", proj_dirs);
}
}